Sie / du
Use Sie with staff, teachers, doctors, police and strangers. Du is for peers after the relationship is friendly.
Practical preparation for grammar, useful words and real survival language before and during a study stay abroad.
This is not a tourist phrasebook. It is built for students who need to function at school, in accommodation, at reception, in shops, on transport and when something goes wrong.
Use this sequence: listen or read once, speak aloud twice, cover the translation, then adapt the sentence with your own city, school, accommodation and problem. The aim is not perfect grammar first. The aim is controlled survival, then cleaner grammar.
Daily rule: 15 minutes phrases + 15 minutes grammar + 10 minutes writing + one spoken role-play. That is enough to make the first week abroad less stressful.
These are not decorative vocabulary lists. These are the words that appear again and again when students try to solve real problems abroad.
| Word / phrase | Meaning | Use it |
|---|---|---|
| ja | yes | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| nein | no | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| bitte | please | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| danke | thank you | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| Entschuldigung | excuse me | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| heute | today | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| morgen | tomorrow | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| gestern | yesterday | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| hier | here | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| dort | there | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| jetzt | now | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| später | later | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| vorher | before | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| immer | always | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| nie | never | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| ich brauche | I need | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| ich möchte | I would like | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| ich kann | I can | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| ich habe | I have | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| es gibt | there is/are | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| der Unterricht | class/lesson | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| der Raum | room | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| die Rezeption | reception | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| die Unterkunft | accommodation | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| der Schlüssel | key | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| die Fahrkarte | ticket | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| die Apotheke | pharmacy | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| die Versicherung | insurance | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| der Bahnhof | station | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| der Arzt / die Ärztin | doctor | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
Memorise these first. They give you control in school, accommodation, public transport, cafés, pharmacies and difficult situations.
Grammar is useful when it helps you act. Learn these points through real sentences, not as isolated theory.
Use Sie with staff, teachers, doctors, police and strangers. Du is for peers after the relationship is friendly.
In normal statements the conjugated verb sits in position 2: Heute habe ich Unterricht.
Ich möchte, ich kann, ich muss, ich darf, ich soll give you immediate survival power.
Do not panic. Learn fixed chunks first: in der Schule, zum Bahnhof, mit dem Bus, für den Kurs.
Ich komme um acht Uhr an. The prefix often moves to the end.
Each dialogue is deliberately short. Your task is to expand it until it feels natural. Add names, times, addresses and city details.
A: Guten Morgen. Ich bin ein neuer Student. Wo muss ich mich anmelden?
Good morning. I am a new student. Where do I need to register?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Um wie viel Uhr isst man hier normalerweise zu Abend?
What time do people normally have dinner here?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Ich habe den letzten Teil nicht verstanden. Können Sie ihn an die Tafel schreiben?
I did not understand the last part. Can you write it on the board?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Ich hätte gern einen Kaffee und ein belegtes Brötchen, bitte.
I would like a coffee and a filled roll, please.
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Fährt dieser Bus ins Zentrum oder muss ich umsteigen?
Does this bus go to the centre or do I need to change?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Ich habe meine Bankkarte verloren. Wo ist die nächste Polizeistation?
I have lost my bank card. Where is the nearest police station?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
German pronunciation is structured. Say endings clearly, keep vowels disciplined and learn chunks with the verb position intact.
Listening tactic: when you miss information, do not freeze. Ask for one repeat, then ask for the key word to be written down, then confirm what you understood.
Read one phrase aloud, pause, repeat it naturally, then make it faster without losing clarity. Do five phrases per day.
Change one detail: city, time, object, problem, person. This turns memorised sentences into usable language.
Set a timer for 60 seconds. Explain a problem at reception without using your own language. Imperfect but complete beats silent and perfect.
Write a message to your school: you are late, you missed the bus, you are sick, or your accommodation key does not work. Keep it polite and clear.
Save your school address, accommodation address, insurance number and emergency contacts before departure. In any serious emergency in Europe, call 112. For non-emergency language problems, contact the school reception first and ask them to help you phrase the issue clearly.
These sample dialogues are kept short, polite and usable. They avoid slang and force the student to practise the exact situations that happen on arrival: café, directions and asking for slower repetition.
A: Guten Tag, ich hätte gern einen Kaffee, bitte.
B: Gerne. Möchten Sie hier trinken oder mitnehmen?
A: Zum Hiertrinken, bitte. Kann ich mit Karte bezahlen?
A: Entschuldigung, können Sie mir den Weg zur Schule zeigen?
B: Ja, gehen Sie geradeaus und biegen Sie dann rechts ab.
A: Vielen Dank. Ist es weit zu Fuß?
A: Könnten Sie das bitte langsamer wiederholen?
B: Natürlich. Ich wiederhole es langsamer.
A: Danke, ich lerne noch Deutsch.