tu / vous
Use vous with staff, teachers, host families at first, police, doctors and strangers. Change to tu only when invited.
Practical preparation for grammar, useful words and real survival language before and during a study stay abroad.
This is not a tourist phrasebook. It is built for students who need to function at school, in accommodation, at reception, in shops, on transport and when something goes wrong.
Use this sequence: listen or read once, speak aloud twice, cover the translation, then adapt the sentence with your own city, school, accommodation and problem. The aim is not perfect grammar first. The aim is controlled survival, then cleaner grammar.
Daily rule: 15 minutes phrases + 15 minutes grammar + 10 minutes writing + one spoken role-play. That is enough to make the first week abroad less stressful.
These are not decorative vocabulary lists. These are the words that appear again and again when students try to solve real problems abroad.
| Word / phrase | Meaning | Use it |
|---|---|---|
| oui | yes | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| non | no | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| s’il vous plaît | please | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| merci | thank you | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| excusez-moi | excuse me | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| aujourd’hui | today | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| demain | tomorrow | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| hier | yesterday | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| ici | here | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| là-bas | over there | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| maintenant | now | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| après | afterwards | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| avant | before | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| toujours | always | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| jamais | never | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| j’ai besoin de | I need | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| je voudrais | I would like | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| je peux | I can | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| j’ai | I have | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| il y a | there is/are | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| la classe | class | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| la salle | room/classroom | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| l’accueil | reception | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| le logement | accommodation | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| la clé | key | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| le billet | ticket | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| la pharmacie | pharmacy | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| l’assurance | insurance | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| la gare | station | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
| le médecin | doctor | Say it aloud, then use it in a real sentence about school, housing or transport. |
Memorise these first. They give you control in school, accommodation, public transport, cafés, pharmacies and difficult situations.
Grammar is useful when it helps you act. Learn these points through real sentences, not as isolated theory.
Use vous with staff, teachers, host families at first, police, doctors and strangers. Change to tu only when invited.
Learn le, la, les plus un, une, des early. French sounds wrong quickly when articles disappear.
Il y a introduces existence. C’est identifies or comments. Il y a une pharmacie. C’est fermé.
The workhorse past tense: j’ai réservé, je suis arrivé(e), j’ai perdu.
Use Est-ce que for safe neutral questions: Est-ce que vous pouvez répéter?
Each dialogue is deliberately short. Your task is to expand it until it feels natural. Add names, times, addresses and city details.
A: Bonjour. Je suis un nouvel étudiant. Où est-ce que je dois m’inscrire?
Hello. I am a new student. Where do I need to register?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: À quelle heure est-ce qu’on dîne normalement ici?
What time do people normally have dinner here?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Je n’ai pas compris la dernière partie. Vous pouvez l’écrire au tableau?
I did not understand the last part. Can you write it on the board?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Je voudrais une formule avec un café et un croissant, s’il vous plaît.
I would like a set menu with a coffee and croissant, please.
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: Ce bus va au centre-ville ou je dois changer?
Does this bus go to the city centre or do I need to change?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
A: J’ai perdu ma carte bancaire. Où est le commissariat le plus proche?
I have lost my bank card. Where is the nearest police station?
Extend it: add one follow-up question, one clarification request and one polite closing.
French needs liaison awareness and calm endings. Do not pronounce every final consonant. Focus on polite openings: Bonjour, excusez-moi, s’il vous plaît.
Listening tactic: when you miss information, do not freeze. Ask for one repeat, then ask for the key word to be written down, then confirm what you understood.
Read one phrase aloud, pause, repeat it naturally, then make it faster without losing clarity. Do five phrases per day.
Change one detail: city, time, object, problem, person. This turns memorised sentences into usable language.
Set a timer for 60 seconds. Explain a problem at reception without using your own language. Imperfect but complete beats silent and perfect.
Write a message to your school: you are late, you missed the bus, you are sick, or your accommodation key does not work. Keep it polite and clear.
Save your school address, accommodation address, insurance number and emergency contacts before departure. In any serious emergency in Europe, call 112. For non-emergency language problems, contact the school reception first and ask them to help you phrase the issue clearly.
These sample dialogues are kept short, polite and usable. They avoid slang and force the student to practise the exact situations that happen on arrival: café, directions and asking for slower repetition.
A: Bonjour, je voudrais un café crème, s’il vous plaît.
B: Bien sûr. Sur place ou à emporter ?
A: Sur place, merci. Est-ce que je peux payer par carte ?
A: Excusez-moi, pourriez-vous m’indiquer le chemin pour aller à l’école ?
B: Oui, continuez tout droit puis tournez à droite.
A: Merci beaucoup. Est-ce loin à pied ?
A: Pourriez-vous répéter plus lentement, s’il vous plaît ?
B: Bien sûr. Je répète plus lentement.
A: Merci, j’apprends encore le français.